Rosalia Zemliachka, or Rozalia Samuilovna Zalkind (Russian: Залкинд Розалия Самуиловна), (20 March 1876 – 21 January 1947) was nicknamed “Devil” and “Fury of the Communist Terror” for her personal participation in mass murders of prisoners following the Civil War.
She was a Bolshevik revolutionary, Soviet politician and
stateswoman. She is best known for her involvement in the organization of the
First Russia revolution, and along with Bela Kun, as one of the organizers of
the atrocities of the Red Terror in Sevastopol, Crimea in 1920-1921, directed
against former soldiers of the defeated White Army.
According to some accounts, Rosalia Zemliachka and Hungarian
Communist leader in exile Bela Kun, looted gold reserves in Crimea and built up
enormous wealth for themselves. It is said that Kun would rape the female
victims of his mass execution campaigns before having them murdered.
Rosalia Zemliachka and Bela Kun organized, according to
some counts, the murders of 8,364 people in Sevastopol during the first week of
November 1920. All told, 50,000 so-called “enemies of the people” were murdered
in the Crimea, according to official sources (12,000 in Simferopol, 9,000 in
Sevastopol, 5,000 in Yalta).
“In Sevastopol people were not just shot but hanged, hanged
by dozens and even by hundreds,” Nakhimov Prospect [a major street] was lined
with the corpses of the hanged … people arrested on the streets and hastily executed
without trial.” Terror in the Crimea continued through 1921. [“Chapter 16.
During the Civil War,” Adam’s Blog, Oct. 15, 2010; source: Там же,
p.113.]
“The Bolshevik policy of terror was more systematic, better
organized, and targeted at whole social classes. Moreover, it had been thought
out and put into practice before the outbreak of the civil war.” [Nicolas Werth,
Karel Bartosek, Jean-Louis Panne, Jean-Louis Margolin, Andrzej Paczkowski,
Stephane Courtois, Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression,
Harvard University Press, 1999]
Rosalia Zemliachka received the Order of the Red Banner for
her service to the Bolshevik cause. She eventually became the party secretary
of the Kremlin and, in 1939, vice-chairman of the Council of People’s
Commissaries (that is: deputy prime minister).
[This post is based on Wikipedia and other sources]
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[Sep. 30, 2020 pub; 65-1/13/21; 277-7/9/22]
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