NOTE: The name appears with a variety of spellings in English-language news reports: “Skoublinska,” Skoblinska,” “Skonblinska,” “Skublinski,” “Stysinski.” The following articles contain the spellings used in the original print edition, but the same “Marianne Skoublinska” has been chosen for use in The Unknown History of MISANDRY as the standard name, since the report using that spelling includes a first name.”
New information: A Polish visitor has been kind enough to provide the correct spelling: Marianna Skublińska.
Some brief reports on this case did not mention any name such as this one: “A woman concerned in baby farming at Warsaw has been charged with murdering seventy-five infants. She was sentenced to three years' imprisonment.” [“Extensive Baby Farming - 76 Infants Murdered.” The Bathurst Free Press and Mining Journal (NSW, Australia), Apr. 2, 1890, p. 3]
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FULL TEXT (Article 1 of 6): A horrible series of crimes has been discovered at Warsaw. A fire at an old
house in Sienna-street had been extinguished by the brigade, when some firemen
who had been left to prevent any mischief from stray sparks discovered a
child’s corpse beneath the floor; two other similar discoveries were made soon
after, and finally eight bodies were found beneath the floor of one room. The Chronicle correspondent at Vienna says that on
some partitions and a cupboard being pulled down, six more bodies of children
were brought to light [1+2+8+6=17]. An inmate of the house, a midwife named
Skoblinska, has been arrested on suspicion of having killed and buried the
infants. As she had been living in the house only four months the police are
engaged in making investigations into her antecedents. Skoblinska shared her
apartment with her sister. Each of the women had a grown-up daughter. The other
three women were also arrested on suspicion of being implicated with
Skoblinska. It is stated that in all fifty bodies have been found.
[“Horrible
Crimes At Warsaw – Fifty Murdered Babies Found.” The Echo (London, England),
Feb. 24, 1890, p. 3]
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***
***
FULL TEXT (Article 2 of 6): According to advices from Warsaw
some details have now come to light about the dreadful child murders committed
there by the midwife Skublinski and some other women who have already been
arrested. Skublinski resided in an attic, that she secretly received young
illegitimate children “to nurse,” as she said. In reality, she, with several
other women, carried on a regular trade in murdering infants. The attention of
the police had already been drawn to this woman, and an unexpected examination
of the house revealed several cradles with two and three babies in each.
Now, as Skublinski had no right to receive mothers and
new-born children, she had to promise that from thenceforth she would take no
more young infants into her house. Notwithstanding this, the police on a
subsequent occasion found three little babies, and she was, in consequence,
summoned, and the hearing was fixed for the 19th inst. [in February,
apparently, rather than May as stated here] before the justice of the peace.
During the night of the 17th she set fire to her lodging, after having first
murdered the children committed to her charge.
Then this inhuman woman went and stood in the yard of the
house among the excited crowd and quietly waited to see what would happen. As
the house was only built of wood, she evidently hoped it would be completely
destroyed. But one of the inmates of the house suddenly remembered the woman in
the garret and her charges, and called out to the firemen to save the children.
Then Skubliuski was for the first time soon standing in the
yard, and when she was asked if the children were already saved, she answered
that they were no longer with her. In the meanwhile, the firemen had so far
succeeded in subduing the fire that one of them penetrated into Skublinski’s
lodging, and, not knowing what she had said, immediately began to search for
the children. He soon found one little corpse, and then two more.
They wore taken down to the yard, and a doctor who happened
to be present declared that the children were not choked by smoke, but a crime
had been perpetrated. Then the police came forward and four more corpses were
discovered, on one of which were distinct traces of the skull having been
battered in. Consequently Skublinski and the other women were arrested.
[“A Diabolical Crime.” Supplement to Evening Post
(Wellington, New Zealand), May 17, 1890, p. 1]
***
FULL TEXT (Article 3 of 6): The woman baby-farmer,
Stysinski, who is believed to have disposed of seventy-five babies during the
last few years, has just been sentenced to three years’ imprisonment. Her baby
farm, or rather graveyard, became known to the police a month ago through her
setting fire to her cottage, containing five little children, in order to
obtain the amount of the insurance on her property. At the trial it was proved
that not a single child which was entrusted to her care and entered her den
ever left her house alive. It was also shown that she made two charges for
taking care of children, fifteen roubles for allowing the baby to die in a few
weeks, and twenty for procuring its death within a day or two. She frequently
threw the bodies of the children to her pigs, and boasted of the fattest pigs
in the district on account of the exceptionally good feed she provided for
them, in spite of all the evidence, she could not be convicted of murder.
[“The Polish Baby Murderer Sentenced,” The Nelson Evening
Mail (New Zealand), May 27, 1890, p. 4]
***
***
FULL TEXT (Article 4 of 6): In our last number we mentioned the case of Skonblinska, a baby farmer in Warsaw, who was tried lately for causing the deaths of about seventy children. speaking of the death sentence lately pronounced upon Sophie Günzbourg, the New York Volks-Zeitung remarks: “For a young girl who is supposed to have had the intention of attempting the life of the Tzar – the gallows; for the murderess of so many children – three years penal servitude. After that, who can reproach the Nihilists for what the do?”
[Untitled, Free Russia, (The Organ of the English Society of
Friends of Russian Freedom, American Edition), (New York, N.Y.), Apr. 1891, p.
6]
***
The wildest excitement prevailed in some parts of Russia on the publication of the woman’s testimony, and the most serious of the papers called such homes as hers “angel factories.” Her method was like that of all of her class. ‘A common servant-woman gives herself out for a licensed midwife, opens what she grandiloquently terms an establishment for the bringing up of children in Warsaw, but which is, in plain truth, a filthy hut on the outskirts of the city, in which they are gradually done to death – and begins business without more ado. To the tender mercies of this monster mothers unhesitatingly confide their babies, paying her in advance for her trouble. In a short time her name and fame spread far and wide, and her clientele grows more numerous and more varied, including individuals; or families placed by birth or fortune far out of the reach of want. Unable to attend alone to the various departments of this lucrative occupation, she has recourse to the principle of the division of labor, hiring a sharp, cynical woman of loose character to furnish the establishment with “raw material.”
These figures give one only a very imperfect idea of the total number of children who die in Russia from avoidable causes. A numerous profession exists in the provinces of Russia, the members of which are needy women, endowed with an intuition enabling them to scent out all those mothers who desire to get their children put into the Moscow or the St. Petersburg asylum for foundlings.
FULL
TEXT (Article 5 of 6) :
MISCELLANEOUS FACTS - The Fiery Angels of Warsaw
The Russian newspaper in Warsaw gives the following
details of the crime discovered these days in Warsaw, of which we have already
spoken:
"On the night of February 20 to 21, a fire broke
out at No. 56 Sennaya Street. The house being wooden, the tenants could only
escape by jumping through the windows.
About four o'clock in the morning the fire was under
control, and the losses were limited to 5,000 rubles. But the incident was none
the less appalling by the facts observed while fighting against the progress of
the fire.
A firefighter had found, in a very small, completely
dark room, the corpse of a child. When lanterns were brought, seven corpses of
children were discovered, four of which were intact, and the other three in
complete decay. All showed signs of violence. The head of one of the little
corpses was shattered.
The midwife Marianne Skoublinska, the owner of the
house in which the bodies were found, were immediately arrested, as well as two
neighbors, the Zdanowska and Winnicka women.
The eight corpses were transported to a hospital near
the scene of the disaster, and the rumor of the horrible discovery spread
immediately throughout the city.
On the 22nd of February, a large crowd was crowding;
around the house burned. "
Here are some other details:
"The police made a search at the home of the
woman Skoublinska which yielded no results. The son of Skoublinska, named Ludovic,
and the carpenter Milenski, were arrested. Yesterday, the burial of six cadets
of children took place. A huge crowd attended this funeral ceremony. So far
sixteen victims of Skoublinska have been found so far. According to other
opinions, the women Skoublinski, Zdanowska and Koupkow are accused of having
murdered a large number of children whom they took charge of raising.
Following the search / rescue, further arrests were
made in different neighborhoods. A young man of eighteen years, who was dying at
the Skoublinska, confessed after his arrest, to have for some months carried
away from the housing of the Skoublinska fifty corpses of children. Minster
Milenski made beers for ten or fifteen corpses for the Skoublinska. "
["Various Facts - The Feasts of Angels of
Warsaw," La Charante (Angouleme, France), Mars 1, 1890, p. 3]
***
***
FULL TEXT (Article 6 of 6): At the examination of the woman
Skooblinsky, lately arrested at Warsaw, details were brought out which reveal
to what a horrible extent baby farming is carried on in Russia [Poland was
controlled by Russia at the time]. The details induce one to believe that in
the matter of surreptitiously disposing of
infants Russia is not very much better than China, where the Herodian
custom is supposed to flourish best – or worst. It is said that Count Tolstoi,
learning of these horrible practices, was inspired to write his “Kreutzer
Sonata,” in which he hurled this piece of scorn at the present civilization:
What terrible unveracity passes current nowadays respecting
children! Children, forsooth, are a blessing from God. Children are a joy. Now
all this is a lie. This was so in times gone by; but it is not true in our
days; nothing like it is true. Children are felt to be a scourge. This they are,
and nothing more.”
The wildest excitement prevailed in some parts of Russia on the publication of the woman’s testimony, and the most serious of the papers called such homes as hers “angel factories.” Her method was like that of all of her class. ‘A common servant-woman gives herself out for a licensed midwife, opens what she grandiloquently terms an establishment for the bringing up of children in Warsaw, but which is, in plain truth, a filthy hut on the outskirts of the city, in which they are gradually done to death – and begins business without more ado. To the tender mercies of this monster mothers unhesitatingly confide their babies, paying her in advance for her trouble. In a short time her name and fame spread far and wide, and her clientele grows more numerous and more varied, including individuals; or families placed by birth or fortune far out of the reach of want. Unable to attend alone to the various departments of this lucrative occupation, she has recourse to the principle of the division of labor, hiring a sharp, cynical woman of loose character to furnish the establishment with “raw material.”
Besides these colleagues, Shooblinsky gave fees to her
son-in-law to forge doctors’ certificates of death from natural causes;
contracted with a carpenter to receive the little corpses, and keep them till a
sufficient number accumulated to make it worth while to bury them, when it
became his duty to assist her in chopping them up into little bits and packing
them neatly into a spacious coffin of his own make. They were then buried by a
half idiot boy who lived with Skooblinsky.
In Russia one can do nothing, good or bad, without a special
authorization from the paternal authorities, and from this universal rule baby
farming is not excepted. Hence the police, having received an inkling of what
was going on, and knowing that Skooblinsky had been tried some twelve months
previously for infanticide and acquitted for lack of sufficient evidence,” paid
her a visit one day and found her “nursing four children,” whom they ordered
her to return to their parents, seeing that she had no license to carry on the
business of baby farmer. To this she assented, but instead of sending them back
to their mothers she dispatched them.
The next day all the four children left for a better world,
and that night the boy heard her call out to her son-in-law: “I say, Koonya,
take away those puppies; they’re dead.” They had been systematically starved to
death, a method of disposing of them which set her right in the eyes of the law,
and en abled her to say to the procurator: “I did not kill them. They died, poor things, because they were very
weak. My calling was an honest one.”
The fathers and mothers who in trusted their children to
this woman will never be discovered, for Skooblinsky made it a point never to
inquire whence they came, what position they occupied, or even their names. In
ordinary times $10 was the charge, but whenever business grew brisk” it was
raised to a much higher sum, and lowered to $2.50 when it was un usually slack.
Maybe the baby loses little in dying, for an illegitimate child in Russia is
generally subjected for the term of natural life to cruel treatment. It is
stripped of certain of its civil rights and is scoffed and sneered at with
impunity in season and out of season, and made the butt of every coarse jester
that comes along.
He bears about in his passport, like Cain on his forehead,
the indelible mark that brands him as a fugitive and a vagabond. The following
case, taken from the Law Journal of St. Petersburg, is a type:
The victim was the illegitimate daughter of a Russian
nobleman, idolized by her father, who gave her a fine education. This
nobleman’s death put an end to the education when the daughter was just turned
sixteen. She was full of life and energy, shrank from no kind of labor, and
resolved to win her way upward by her own unaided efforts. The reception she
met with, however, on her first application for employment proved a wet blanket
to her ardor.
“Have you a legal passport?” she was asked. ‘“No, I am an
illegitimate child, but it’s not the passport that will do the work, but
myself, and I am here.” “Yes, no doubt; but that is not enough. A Russian
without a passport is like the sea without waier. There is no thoroughfare for
the likes of you. Good-by.”
Bewildered, she ran hither and thither, endeavoring to
obtain a passport, but in vain. Some officials promised, others shook rudely
off, and others threatened her with imprisonment and Siberia for vagrancy.
Still, however, she shifted as well as she could under the circumstances,
making head against all difficulties and just keeping body and soul together.
At last a young man. full of admiration for her noble
qualities, asked for her heart and her hand. The harbor of rest was in sight.
So it seemed at first, but in reality this proved to be only a respite. here is
your passport? You have none? Marriage is impossible without one. No priest can
perform the ceremony for you.
Tears, sighs and earnest entreaties purchased pity and promise,
but no remedy.
Her union with her bridegroom was cemented by love but not
hallowed by religion, the legislator, forbidding the priest to pronounce a
benediction. This was bad, but not the worst. A very demon seemed to preside
over her destiny, for soon after the birth of her first child her helpmate
died, and she was left alone in the world with despair for a guide and not even
a passport to legalize a life of misery. Hundreds of similar Russian
illegitimate children lose but little when they lose life.
Mothers, on the other hand, think that they would lose a
great deal if they had to keep their children alive, and public opinion points
the same way, for Russian juries never convict a mother who is guilty of
nothing worse than killing her illegitimate offspring.
There are two colossal foundling asylums in Russia one in
St. Petersburg, and the other In Moscow and the law refuses to countenance the
opening of other similar institutions in the provinces; Now the maintenance of
these two houses costs £300,000 a year.
These foundling institutions have existed for over 125
years, and have taken in during that time 1,300,000 children. The number
of those who died before completing the first year of his life was 990,303, or 77
per-cent of the total. Of the remainder, 150,000 more died before leaving the
asylum, so that only 155,268 children passed through the fiery ordeaI.
These figures give one only a very imperfect idea of the total number of children who die in Russia from avoidable causes. A numerous profession exists in the provinces of Russia, the members of which are needy women, endowed with an intuition enabling them to scent out all those mothers who desire to get their children put into the Moscow or the St. Petersburg asylum for foundlings.
They collect the little waifs, pack them in baskets (six or
eight in one basket), stow them away under the seats of the third-class railway
carriages, along with eggs, butter, rags and refuse and those who survive this
first life’s journay are deposited at the front gates of the foundling asylums. Eighty-eight per cent
of these are in due time carted out of the back gates in the shape of little
corpses.
Child-murder is too common in Russia to excite much comment.
The Moscow Gazette recently had this:
“The Seventh department of the Moscow court of assizes tried
the female cook, Riva Blatt, eighteen years old, for the murder of her child.
She rolled it up in a napkin and threw it into a hole that she had dug out for
the purpose.
As she was caught in flagrante delictu, the child was taken
out alive, but it died very soon after from the effects. The jury found her
innocent.
[“Unwelcome Babies, And How They Are Got Out of the Way in
Frigid Russia. - A “Little Angel Factory” About Which Awful Stories “ - Are
Told. Where the Little Ones Are Starved to Death and Cut in Pieces. - A Woman
Caught Killing Her Child Found Innocent by a Jury.” St. Paul Daily Globe (Mn.),
Jul. 14, 1890, p. 5]
***
FAITS
DIVERS - Les faiserses d’anges de Varsovie
Le journal russe de Varsovie donne les détails suivants sur le crime découvert ces jours-ci à Varsovie et dont nous avons déjà parlé:
«
Dans la nuit du 20 au 21 février, un incendie éclatait au numéro 56 de la rue
Sennaïa. La maison étant en bois, les locataires n’ont pu se sauver qu’en
sautant par les fenêtres.
» Vers quatre heures du matin, le feu était maîtrisé et les pertes se sont bornées à une somme de 5,000 roubles. Mais le sinistre n’en a pas moins été effroyable par les faits constatés pendant qu’on luttait contre les progrès de l’incendie.
» Un pompier avait trouvé à .tâtons, dans une toute petite chambre complètement obscure, le cadavre d’un enfant. Quand on apporta des lanternes, on découvrait encore sept cadavres d’enfants, dont quatre intacts et les:trois autres en décomposition complète. Tous portaient des traces de violence. La tète de l’un des petits cadavres était, fracassée.
» Vers quatre heures du matin, le feu était maîtrisé et les pertes se sont bornées à une somme de 5,000 roubles. Mais le sinistre n’en a pas moins été effroyable par les faits constatés pendant qu’on luttait contre les progrès de l’incendie.
» Un pompier avait trouvé à .tâtons, dans une toute petite chambre complètement obscure, le cadavre d’un enfant. Quand on apporta des lanternes, on découvrait encore sept cadavres d’enfants, dont quatre intacts et les:trois autres en décomposition complète. Tous portaient des traces de violence. La tète de l’un des petits cadavres était, fracassée.
» On
a fait immédiatement arrêter la sage-femme Marianne Skoublinska, propriétaire
du logement dans lequel les cadavres ont été trouvés, ainsi que deux voisines,
les femmes Zdanowska et Winnicka.
» Les huit cadavres ont été transportés dans un hôpital voisin du lieu du sinistre, et le bruit de l’horrible découverte s’est répandu immédiatément dans toute la ville.
» Dans la journée du 22 février, une foule nombreuse se pressait aux; alentours de la maison incendiée. »
» Les huit cadavres ont été transportés dans un hôpital voisin du lieu du sinistre, et le bruit de l’horrible découverte s’est répandu immédiatément dans toute la ville.
» Dans la journée du 22 février, une foule nombreuse se pressait aux; alentours de la maison incendiée. »
Voici enfin d’autres détails:
« La
police a fait au domicile de la femme Skoublinska une perquisition qui n’a
donné aucun résultat. Le fils de la Skoublinska, nommé Ludovic, et le menuisier
Milenski, ont été arrêtés. Hier a en lieu l’inhumation de six cadàvres
d’enfants. Une foule énorme assistait â cette cérémonie funèbre. On a constaté
jusqu’ici soixànte-seize victimes de la Skoublinska. D’après d’autres avis, les
femmes Skoublinski., Zdanowska et Koupkow sont accusées d’avoir assassiné un
grand nombre d’enfants qu’elles se chargeaient d’élever.
» A la suite des pêrquisition /faités, d’autres arrestations ont été opérées dans différents quartiers. Un jeune homme de dix-hûit ans, qui demenrait chez la Skoublinska, a avoué après son arrestation, avoir pendant quelques mois emporté du logement de la Skoublinska une cinquantaine de cadavres d’enfants. Le menùisier Milenski a confectionne pour la Skoublinska des bières pour dix ou quinze cadavres. »
[“Faits Divers - Les faiserses d’anges de Varsovie,” La Charante (Angouléme, France), Mara 1, 1890, p. 3]
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For more cases of “Baby Farmers,” professional child care providers who murdered children see The Forgotten Serial Killers.
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MORE: Female Serial Killers & Arson
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[1,911-5/18/19] [First version: Sep. 22, 2011]
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