Friday, December 30, 2022

Hazel Howe Spicer, Suspected Serial Killer Mom – Colorado, 1933


FULL TEXT: Kiowa, Colo., Jan. 22 – Mrs. Hazel Howe Spicer, 48-year-old farm wife, Sunday night confessed to Deputy District Attorney J. Nelson Truitt that she killed her 13-month-old daughter, Doris, by smothering. Truitt said.

At the end of a long grilling in the Elbert county jail here, Mrs. Spicer admitted she smothered the babe and told her husband, Frank Spicer, that the child was strangled by a piece of apple.

Truitt said she also confessed that she slashed the throat of another child, four-year-old George Spicer, with a piece of glass. The boy was not injured seriously.

The woman, who escaped from a woman deputy sheriff Saturday night, was found Sunday wandering on the prairie near Elizabeth, Colo., where she was arrested Saturday. Truitt said he and G. R. Brown, sheriff of Elbert county, questioned the woman in the jail basement until she confessed the child's death.

 ~ Freed Her Husband ~

Mrs. Spicer was quoted by Truitt as saying she smothered the baby for fear her husband would drive her away from home and she would never be able to see the child again. Truitt said she sobbed hysterically as she declared she had been driven to the act because she could “never be able to go on living with her children taken from her” as she asserted two children by a former marriage had been.

"I felt so badly about this before little Doris was even cold that I wished I hadn't started to do it."

Truitt quoted her. "I hoped her father could bring her back to life. I knew that he would beat me up or try to kill me If he thought I was to blame."

A moment later, Truitt said, she cried: "But now I'm glad she is dead because nobody else will ever get her."

Truitt said she signed a formal confession of the slaying in which she related how she smothered the child and then, thinking her husband might possibly revive her, bit off a piece of apple which she pushed into the girl's throat.

~ Boy "Fell" In Well ~

The same confession, Truitt said, related that she knew more of the death of her 21-months-old son who was drowned in a well near Boulder, Colo., than she had told. She told him, Truitt declared, that the boy fell into the well and she was unable to rescue him. Fearing her husband's wrath, she said, she placed a heavy metal covering over the well. The body was found by the husband, Frank Spicer, several hours later.

Mrs. Spicer's explanation of the slashing of George's neck was this, Truitt said:

"I did it, but I only wanted to hurt him enough so that my husband would take us to town to a doctor so we wouldn't have to come back."

The child accused his mother of the attack on him Saturday but she denied it until after she had began her confession here Sunday night, Truitt said.

~ Thinks She’s Crazy ~

Mrs. Spicer, who Truitt said he believed was unbalanced pleaded to be sent to a hospital instead of to jail.

"Please, mister," he said she cried, “tell them men not to send me to jail. Send me to jail. Send me to one of them psychopathic hospitals. I know I ain’t been right for a long time.”

Truitt said he would attempt to find means of placing her in an insane asylum instead of trying her for murder.

Mrs. Spicer told Truitt how she spent the night before being caught Sunday morning, he said.

“Sometimes I was discouraged when I saw those lights around me during the night,” she said. I knew then that I couldn’t get away or that I couldn’t get to see my boy, George. Some times when I was walking I hoped a mountain lion would get me.

“I went to a neighbor’s house and called and knocked on the window. I wanted to get in. I knew they were there, but people had been telling that I killed my little children, and they were afraid to let me in.”

Two other children of Mrs. Spicer have died, supposedly accidentally, since 1923 and Sheriff G. R. Brown said their deaths were also under investigation.

Brown said his questioning of the woman before her escape Saturday night revealed that a baby by a former marriage had been smothered in Los Angeles in 1923 by bed clothing and that a son, child of Frank Spicer, had been drowned in a well near Boulder, Colo. Both deaths were declared accidental.

[“Mother Admits Killing Baby; Caught After Night Escape – Mrs. Hazel Howe Spicer, 48 Year Old Colorado Farm Woman, Breaks Down After Grilling – Smothers Girl; Tries To Cut Boy's Throat – Older Child Not Badly Hurt; Officers Suspect Her Of Murdering Two Other Children,” Albuquerque Journal (N. M.), Jan. 23, 1933, p. 1]

***

FULL TEXT: Kiowa, Colo., March 28. – Mrs. Hazel Spicer, 41, ranchwoman charged with slaying her infant daughter, awaited removal today to the state hospital at Pueblo after a district court jury found her insane. She was accused of the smothering to death of her 13-months-old child, Doris, last January. The jury decided she was insane after considering the case an hour.

[“Ranch Mother Who Smothered Baby Is Found Insane,” The Daily Sentinel (Grand Junction, Co.), Mar. 28, 1933, P. 4]

***


***

***

***

***

***


***
[146-1/4/21]
***

Thursday, December 29, 2022

Madeline Allred, 18-Year-Old Murderess – Michigan, 1957


FULL TEXT: Jackson, Mich., March 14 – “I don’t especially like babies,” an 18-year-old baby-sitter explained today in revealing that she had taken her charge, a 3-year-old baby girl, to Detroit especially to drown her.

Following the directions of Madeline Allred of Pontiac, a former mental patient, police found the body of Patricia Tiernan in a hotel bathtub.

“I like to choke and kill people and animals,” police quoted the teenager as saying.

~ First Thought of River ~

Mill Allred said that while she was baby-sitting with Patricia Tiernan at the Pontiac home of the baby’s parents., Mr. and Mrs. Theodore Tiernan, she decided to take the child to Detroit “and drown her in the river.”

But when they arrived in Detroit, she said, the baby began crying, so she decided to take her to a hotel and drowned her there.

Miss Allred said she held the child under water for about two hours before leaving the hotel room and going back to Jackson. In Jackson she was picked up on a loitering charge. Shortly afterward she volunteered her story of the drowning to police.

Police said despite the girl’s talk of liking to “kill people,” there was no evidence that she had been involved in previous trouble.

Police said they would charge the girl with murder tomorrow. They said they would charge the girl told them she had been in three mental hospitals.

[“Teen Sitter Drowns Baby in Hotel Tub,” Daily News (N.Y.), Mar. 15, 1957, p. 6]

***

***

***

***
[95-1/23/21]
***

Joyce Christine Nichols, 13-Year-Old Rapist-Murderess – California, 1947


FULL TEXT: Bakersfield, Nov. 19. – Breaking into tears under questioning, 13-year-old Joyce Christine Nichols admitted today, authorities said, that she killed blonde Myretta Jones, 5, with a rock last Monday after luring her to a children s cave.

The girl would give no reason for the slaying and apparently could not recall what impulse led her to beat Myretta to death, according to Sheriff John Loustalot

~ Taken From School ~

Joyce, a rather attractive brown-haired girl. was taken out of a classroom at Emerson Junior High School this morning just 40 hours after the body of her playmate was found in the cave by Dep. Sheriff Otto Olofson.

Myretta, blue-eyed daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Earl Jones, was last seen by relatives about 3:30 p.m., Monday when she left on an errand to a grocery store in the Casa Loma district.

Her mother's frantic call to the Sheriff's office an hour and a half later sent a posse of deputies and neighbors scouring the area until Olofson peered into the blood-spattered cave dug by children as a "pirate's den" in the 80-acre Kern County fair ground site.

~ Man First Hunted ~

Hampered by erroneous first reports that the child had been criminally attacked before she was killed the investigation later swung from a search for a man to a hunt for a girl on the basis of small footprints found in the cave.

Joyce faced four criminal investigators calmly at the Sheriff's office until her stepmother, Mrs. Cal Nichols, appeared and collapsed at the girl's feet. The child broke into a flood of tears and told the following story, according to Sheriff Loustalot.

She met Myretta on the wav to the store, accompanied her to the Nichols' home, where Joyce finished up some house work.

~ Suggested Cave Visit ~

She then suggested Myretta go to the cave "to play."

The 5-year-old walked to the cave and descended into its narrow confines where Joyce shortly demanded that her small playmate take off her clothes.

Myretta refused, the sobbing girl told investigators, but several slaps across the face persuaded the younger girl to comply.

But no sooner was Myretta stripped, her clothes in a heap on the earth floor of the cave, when Joyce snatched up the heavy rock and hit the crying youngster over the head, Loustalot continued.

~ Left Body in Cave ~

After the killing, the 13-year-old left the body in the cave, washed her hands in a near-by canal and returned home to tell her parents what she had done, the Sheriff said.

"The father, an auto body mechanic, decided not to say anything until he figured out just what to do," Loustalot continued. "He ordered his wife to say nothing and also woke up the girl's brother Jerry 14, told him the story and cautioned him to keep quiet."

~ Mother Washed Clothes ~

"Yesterday, Joyce went to school as usual while the stepmother washed out the girls bloody clothing."

Once the deputies swung to the track of a girl as the suspect the name of Joyce Nichols came to, light from several sources particularly one schoolmate who had seen the two girls walking together toward the cave.

Investigators talked to Mr. and Mrs. Nichols this morning after Joyce had gone to school but could get nowhere. After she was taken into custody, however, the parents admitted they had known of the crime "but were so scared they didn't know what to do," Sheriff Loustalot said.

After making her statement. Joyce was sent to the County Detention Home, where she was confined in a single room to await examination by doctors and psychiatrists.

[“Girl, 13, Confesses Beating 5-Year-Old Child to Death,” Los Angeles Times (Ca.), Nov. 20, 1947, P. 5]

***

***

FULL TEXT: Bakersfield, Nov. 21. – 5-year-old Myretta Jones met death last Monday as a result of blows on the head inflicted by Joyce Christine Nichols, 13, it was decided today by Coroner Norman C. Houze after the bobby-soxer admitted the crime on the inquest witness stand.

Joyce told of beating the kindergartner to death in a “children’s “private cave” when the child threatened to tell her grandmother of being mistreated by the junior high school girl. She said she hit Myretta with a rock four times then dragged her body back into the cave.

~ Step-Mother Testifies ~

Mrs. Cal Nichols, step-mother of the bobby-soxer, also took the stand to testify she learned of the crime the same evening upon questioning Joyce after hearing on the radio of Myretta’s death and learning her daughter had been seen with the younger girl.

“She told me she hit a little girl with a rock and that’s all she could remember,” Mrs. Nichols said. “I guess she blanked out.”

Joyce, who is being held at the County Detention Home on a murder complaint, will be arraigned Monday or Tuesday in Justice Court and certified to the Juvenile Court.

County authorities said she may be returned to Superior Court for trial, however.

Funeral services for the slain youngster will be conducted tomorrow afternoon.

[“Coroner Funds Girl, 5, Killed By Bobby-Soxer,” Los Angeles Times (Ca.), Nov. 22, 1947, P. 4]

***

FULL TEXT: Bakersfield, Nov. 24. – Justice of the Peace Stuart Magee today certified 13-year-old Joyce Christine Nichols to the Juvenile Court after the bobby-soxer admitted at the hearing that she beat a kindergarten playmate to death with a rock a week ago.

While her stepmother, Mrs. Calvin Nichols, sobbed, Joyce declared she bludgeoned Myretta Jones in a children’s cave when the younger girl rejected her improper advances.

Juvenile Judge Warren Stockton now will have charge of the girl, with the option of disposing of the case under the laws pertaining to juveniles or returning her to Superior Court for criminal prosecution.

[“Cave Death in Juvenile Court,” Los Angeles Times (Ca.), Nov. 25, 1947, P. 2]

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

***
[162-1/23/21; 420-12/29/22]
***

Female Serial Killers & Arson


1873 – Sarah Earhardt – Germantown, Ohio, USA

Minor crimes, such its the poisoning of juvenile animals and the burning of numerous houses, are also said to be among the number of her achievements.

1874 – Henrietta Weibel – The Bronx, New York, USA

Henrietta Weibel, aged 15, was arrested, on a charge of attempted murder and incendiarism, she having on Wednesday night, attempted to burn the infant child of Mrs. Franck, a boarder at the Leopold Palace Hotel, and afterwards made two endeavours to set fire to the house. The baby was lying asleep when the girl set fire to the bed clothes. Another servant extinguished the flames, but the little child was nearly suffocated.

1875 – Sofie Johannesdotter – Fredrikshald (Halden), Norway, USA 

“Sofie Johannesdotter was arrested following the burning down of the Stang house where Sofie was employed as a house servant.”

1886 – Harriet Nason – Rutland, Vermont, USA –  “predicted” two fires

Neighbors of Mrs. Nason ascribe to her remarkable powers in the way of prophesying fires. Her house on Grove street, it is said, was burned in accordance with her prediction about three years age. Subsequently she had another fiery vision. This alarmed another family in the same block and a watchman was employed. But the second fire occurred on scheduled time, though not until Mrs. Nason had been notified by the owners of the property to vacate. The popular impression is that Mrs. Nason is afflicted with a most dangerous and insidious form of insanity and that all the results of her secret work are not yet known.

1886 – Harriet Ann Stevens – Wangaratta, Australia

The evidence disclosed a strong circumstantial case that Mrs. Stevens first poisoned the deceased, and then after robbing him set fire to his house.

1890 – Marianna SkubliÅ„ska – Warsaw, Poland

During the night of the 17th she set fire to her lodging, after having first murdered the children committed to her charge.

Then this inhuman woman went and stood in the yard of the house among the excited crowd and quietly waited to see what would happen. As the house was only built of wood, she evidently hoped it would be completely destroyed. But one of the inmates of the house suddenly remembered the woman in the garret and her charges, and called out to the firemen to save the children.

Then Skubliuski was for the first time soon standing in the yard, and when she was asked if the children were already saved, she answered that they were no longer with her. In the meanwhile, the firemen had so far succeeded in subduing the fire that one of them penetrated into Skublinski’s lodging, and, not knowing what she had said, immediately began to search for the children. He soon found one little corpse, and then two more.

1893 – Lizzie Halliday – Burlingham, New York, USA

Mar. 17, 1888 – convicted of arson, Philadelphia, Pa. under the name “Maggie Hopkins.”
May-Jun. 1893 – John Halliday, crippled step-son, burned to death in the “old mill” residence of Mrs & Mrs. Halliday & John, arson fire set by Lizzie. She was arrested and sent to insane asylum at Middletown.(date source: Schechter)

1893 – Mattie C. Shann – Trenton, New Jersey, USA

It is alleged that Mrs. Shann poisoned her victims with a solution of bichloride of mercury, that she at the life of her daughter in the same manner, and that she burned three houses in Princeton. The motive for her arts was the recovery of insurance money.

1901 – Jane Toppan – Boston, Massachusetts, USA

It was an irresistible propensity which impelled her to kill her best friends, and to commit the four crimes of arson to which she also confessed.

1904 – Rachel Galtie – Auch, France

She had a friend in the wife, of a navy Captain, a Mme. Larrieu. This woman was preparing to leave her house on a visit, and the amiable Mme. Galtie offered to help her pack up. The service was politely declined, but Mme. Galtié was not to be put off so easily, and was at her friend’s house when the trunks were about to be closed. At that moment an alarm of fire was raised, and the basement of the Larjie home was found to be in flames. The discovery of a straw mattress staked in petroleum and of a box of matches close by proved that the fire must have been the deliberate work of a criminal, Mme. Galtié, in a state bordering on hysterics, explained that she had seen a strange man enter the house, and then rush away a moment after the fire had declared itself.

1908 – Belle Gunness – La Porte, Indiana, USA

1917 – Leopoldine Kasparek – Vienna, Austria

In every case the murderess managed to escape unnoticed and her crimes remained mysteries for many months, until she was finally caught in the act when she strangled Mrs. Marie Wurish, a 70-year-old widow, and applied the torch to the house of the old woman to cover up the murder.

1929 – Lisa Karl – Rheims, France

Mlle. Karl, characterized as “the most loathsome woman in France, was the leader of a band of fierce brigands. She beat the inn keeper to death with a wine bottle, and Clarisse  later aided her in burning the body with gasoline.

1929 – Sarah Elizabeth Powers – Macon, Georgia, USA

1949 – Clarice Spurlock – Evansville, Indiana; Memphis, Tenn., USA

Clarice Spurlock was suspected of murdering her parents in two separate poisonings. She was formally charged with arson for setting fire to their garage. She was also suspected of slow-poisoning her husband.

1954 – Nannie Doss – Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA

The Lanning Murder & Supsequent Arson: Nannie murdered her third husband, Arlie J. Lanning in 1950, after two and a half years of marriage. Lanning's house was willed to his sister and within two months the house burned down before the dead man’s sister could take possession. The now homeless Nannie moved in temporarily with her mother-in law, saying until she received the fire insurance check.  Before she left, however, her mother-in-law died in her sleep. Nannie then stayed with her sister Dovie, who was dying of cancer and soon, she too perished. [RSE, adapted from: Charles Montaldo Nannie Doss “One of the most prolific female serial killers in U.S. history.” About.com]

1963 – Virginia Hill – Falmouth, Kentucky, USA

“At 26, Mrs. Virginia Hill has lost six of her seven children. Two died of natural causes. She admitted killing one other and setting a fire in which three more died, officials said.”

1965 – Hazel Dulcie Bodsworth – Hopetwn, Victortia, Australia

1967 – Janie Lou GibbsCordele, Georgia, USA

Gibbs’ husband of 18 years, Charles Clayton Gibbs, 39, died January 21, 1966. Her youngest son, Marvin Ronald Gibbs, 13, died August 29, 1966, followed by her middle son, Melvin Watess Gibbs, 16, on January 23, 1967. She inherited $31,000 from their deaths and tithed 10 percent to her church. The Gibbs’ home at Arabi burned after her  husband’s death and she moved to her present home in Cordele.

1979 – Audrey Marie Hilley – Anniston, Alabama, USA

As examples, the FBI agent noted two arson fires at the Hilley house, one when Frank Hilley was still alive, the second when Carol and her grandmother were in the house alone. Urine tests to detect any arsenic were also ordered for people known to have visited the Hilley residence, including police who investigated the fires. “One time some investigators went to that house and afterwards they became sick,” the agent said. “It’s possible they had been given some type of poison. “There was a family that lived next to her for years,” he added. “The children were sick all the time, but doctors could never find out why. ... ‘This family eventually moves and the kids get well in no time at all.” Investigators say they’ve determined the victims were given small doses of arsenic over an extended period.

1982 – Judith Neelley – southern USA

On September 11, 1982, a Youth Development Center employee, Ken Dooley’s home was shot at four times. The following day, fellow employee Linda Adair’s home was firebombed with a Molotov cocktail. Phone calls were made to the victims following the attacks by a female who claimed to have been sexually abused at the Youth Development Center, but neither victim could identify the caller’s voice.

1983 – Judias BuenoanoOrlando, Florida, USA

She was convicted of multiple counts of grand theft (for insurance fraud), and is thought to have committed multiple acts of arson (again, for purposes of insurance fraud).

1989 – Blanche Taylor Moore – Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA

On January 23, 1985. a mysterious fire broke out at her Burlington home. Blanche blamed a pervert for the blaze, and firemen confirmed arson as the cause, accepting her tale of a nameless man seen loitering around the property. Blanche collected a little fire insurance, investing the cash in a new mobile home. When fire razed the trailer a month later, she blamed that pervert again and collected another insurance check. Someone better finally entered Blanches life on Easter Sunday, 1985. A handsome divorcée at age fifty-one, Rev. Dwight Moore was the pastor of the Carolina United Church of Christ.

1995 – Debora Green – Kansas City, Kansas, USA

Set fire to her house killing two of her children. When one escaped, she tried to avoid saving her. She had poisoned her husband who became disabled from the effects. She blamed her murdered son for the fire and the poisoning of his father.

1998 – Virginia Rearden McGinnis – San Diego, California, USA

1998 – María Concepción Ladino Gutiérrez  - Bogota, Colombia

One her victims was an elderly woman jeweler whom she sprayed with gasoline and set on fire.

1998 – “PK” – Switzerland

After the third attack PK admitted to her therapist that she wanted to commit arson again and was committed to a mental hospital. It was there, when she began talking about stalking and killing women, that she became a suspect. She eventually confessed to all three attacks.

2000 – Credonia Mwerinde – Kanungu, Uganda

As a young woman, Credonia was obsessed by fire. She had torched the possessions of a man who had failed to acquiesce to her romantic desires. . In another instance, she led her followers to the banana plantation of a relative who refused to join the cult.

Sister Credonia Mwerinde, leader of Ugandan Marianist cult of the Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Comandments located in Kunungu murdered hundreds of her followers on March 17, 2000 by locking them in a worship facility called the ark that was pyrotechnically rigged. All door and windows were secured so that none could escape and then the building was set afire. The official death toll was set at 738. The fire was so intense that the many of the victims’ skulls exploded. Their corpses, many of them children, were buried in several mass graves. Sister Credonia disappeared and has not as of this date been apprehended. 

2003 – Janet Smith – Largo, Florida & Mountain Home, Arkansas, USA

2003 – Dana StodolovaKutna Hora, Czech Republic 

November 16, 2001, staying with Dana’s mother in SlavoÅ¡ov, they robbed a neighbor Jaroslava Å anda (75). The retrieved 40,000 crowns but the victim managed to pull the nylon stocking from Jaroslav face. Jaroslav strangled him to death so he would not be identified. They put the body in bed and surrounded it with lighted candles as a way of burning the house in a delayed manner. The autopsy was faulty and missed signs of strangulation.

2004 – Kusuma Nain – Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, India

2006 – Sheila LaBarre – Epping, New Hampshire, USA

One of her victims, named “Countie, 24, met LaBarre through a personal ad in February 2006. He moved in with her soon after and was last seen alive that March, being pushed by LaBarre in a wheelchair at Wal-Mart, his face and hands covered with cuts. A few days later, when police went to LaBarre's home to check on him, they found her tending a burning pile of trash containing what later was identified as Countie's bones.”

2007 – Shirley Winters – Syracuse, New York, USA

Winters had been indicted previously in the death of Ron Winters after authorities exhumed the baby's remains. His death originally had been blamed on Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. But Judge Joseph Fahey dismissed that earlier indictment in June after concluding the grand jury presentation was tainted because the county medical examiner also testified about her belief that the deaths of two of Winters' other children in a 1979 Jefferson County house fire were also homicides.

2008 – Manuela Gonzalez Cano – Villard-Bonnot, Isere region, France

2008 – Lydia L. – Gottingen, Germany

Once drawn into her web of “love,” she victim would be murdered either through overdose of drugs, or by suffocating him using a plastic bag – in order to simulate a natural death. Another victim was burned to death in his own home. In one case, the murder duo arranged a fake robbery in order to created a cover story for a murder.

2009 – Kanae Kijima – Tokyo, Japan

Keizo Ando, 80, an invalid, died May 2009, house fire.

2014 – Marli Teles de Souza – Cacador, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil

***

Burning Child Alive

1829 – Martha “Patty” Cannon – Johnson’s Corners, Maryland, USA

1874 – Henrietta WeibelFresh Farms, The Bronx, N, Y., USA (15-y-o)

1875 – Julia FortmeyerSt. Louis, Missouri, USA

1890 – Marianne Skoblinska – Warsaw, Poland

1906 – Lillian Thorman – York, Pennsylvania, USA (13-y-o)

1907 – Mrs. Fred West – Des Moines Iowa, USA

1912 – Mme. Couturier Le May-Sur-Èvre, France

“She fastened her two year-old daughter to a post, and then having laid a fire set the child’s clothes ablaze. The helpless infant was burnt to death after having suffered terrible agony. The unnatural mother watched the whole affair. … Two other children of the prisoner died [the previous] year in suspicious circumstances.”

1920 – Dagmar Overbye – Copenhagen, Denmark

***

Pyromania & Serial Killers

[I]t’s more than sheer malice that underlies the incendiary crimes of serial killers. According to specialists in the psychology of perversion, there is always an erotic motive at the root of pyromania. “There is but one instinct which generates the impulse to incendiarism,” writes William Stekel in his classic work on aberrant behavior. “That is the sexual instinct, and arson clearly shows its connecting points with sex.” True, there are often “secondary motives” behind a pyromaniac’s acts – anger, frustration, revenge. But above all (as Stekel writes). “the incendiary is sexually excited by the flames; he likes to watch them burn.” In short, serial murderers who enjoy starting fires do so for the same reason that they love to torture and kill.

It turns them on.

[Harold Schechter, Fatal: The Poisonous Life of a Serial Killer, Pocket Books, 2006, 127]

***

***

***

***
http://unknownmisandry.blogspot.com/2013/06/female-serial-killers-collections.html

SEE MORE: Female Serial Killer Collections

***
[1811-2/25/21; 2424-12/29/22]
***

Wednesday, December 14, 2022

Female Serial Killers Who Target The Homeless


1912 – Enriqueta Martí – Barcelona, Spain

1984 – Emily Lynette Kirby Bell – Alexandria, Louisiana, USA

1988 – Dorothea Puente – Sacramento, California, USA

2006 – Sheila LaBarre – Epping, New Hampshire, USA

2008 – Helen Golay & Olga Rutterscmidt – Santa Monica, California, USA

2008 – Lian Shangying & Dong Xiaorong – Tamushi Township, Taipei County, Taiwan

2015 – Elena Lobacheva – Moscow, Russia

***

[109-11/27/21]
***